DECODING EARLY Ganoderma boninense INFECTION IN OIL PALM THROUGH METABOLOMIC FINGERPRINTS
In recent years, metabolomics has emerged as a promising approach for understanding plant–pathogen interactions at the molecular level. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), in particular, offers high sensitivity and analytical throughput, making it a robust platform for untargeted metabolomics studies across diverse biological systems [4]. However, reliable GC–MS-based metabolomics requires careful standardization of the workflow, encompassing optimized pre-analytical procedures, analytical conditions, and computational data processing to ensure reproducibility and meaningful biological interpretation.
